From new drugs and energy production to the development of computer chips science has laid the foundation for many of the world's biggest technological breakthroughs. However, while innovation drives research, business is about making money and making shareholders happy. Science and business were typically viewed as two separate worlds. The two are interconnected and it is impossible to separate their impact on business from the impact of research.

While the business world is mostly focused on making money, its long-term effects can have significant environmental, social and economic implications. Science is also concerned with the effects of its actions and decisions, specifically those pertaining to the exploitation of resources and sustainability. A smart business, for example will use natural resources at an amount that is scientifically deemed as sustainable - but the greed of a few businesses what is software piracy has resulted in over-exploitation and ecological catastrophe.

We have categorized the different ways that corporations attempt to influence science at the macro and meso levels, and then coded the intended outcomes and effects of these strategies (TL carried out the initial code-coding, AG second-coded 20 per percent of papers). We discovered that corporations employ five macro-level strategies, which work together to minimise perceived credibility of unfavourable science and maximise positive science. These strategies are operationalised through meso-strategies, which over time tend to bias evidence in favor of the industry. This has three effects: to cast doubt on the harms that could be that are caused by the use of industry products and practices; to push policies that are in favour of industry; and to boost the consumption, sales and use of industry products.